Fluorescent indicators for cytosolic sodium

Chloride-sensitive fluorescent indicators.

Three fluorescent halide-sensitive quinolinium dyes have been produced by the reaction of the 6-methylquinoline heterocyclic nitrogen base with methyl bromide, methyl iodide, and 3-bromo-1-propanol. The quaternary salts, unlike the precursor molecule, are readily water soluble and the fluorescence intensity of these salts is reduced in the presence of aqueous chloride, bromide, and iodide ions,...

Calibration protocols for fluorescent calcium indicators.

Calibration of fluorescent calcium indicators.

During the past decades, many different fluorescent indicators have been developed for measuring intracellular ion concentrations. Of particular interest are fluorescent calcium indicators because of the fundamental role of Ca in various cellular processes such as contraction, secretion, and gene activation. For a quantitative understanding of the physiological roles of Ca, fluorescence signals...

Enhanced Archaerhodopsin Fluorescent Protein Voltage Indicators

A longstanding goal in neuroscience has been to develop techniques for imaging the voltage dynamics of genetically defined subsets of neurons. Optical sensors of transmembrane voltage would enhance studies of neural activity in contexts ranging from individual neurons cultured in vitro to neuronal populations in awake-behaving animals. Recent progress has identified Archaerhodopsin (Arch) based...

Intracellular ion measurement with fluorescent indicators

Most of this book deals with electrical recording techniques which, although powerful, cannot always be used to study the composition of the intracellular environment particularly when small cells or populations of cells are the preparation of interest. Optical techniques are becoming an increasingly attractive alternative method because of their apparent non-invasive nature and ease of use. On...